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The Real Facts About Food Colors

Food Safety, Health and Nutrition, News, Safety, Science
Photo of a color wheel
 

Yesterday the Center for Science in the Public Interest continued its campaign against food dyes or colors by issuing a new report that suggests food dyes “pose risks of cancer, hyperactivity in children, and allergies.” Although the report is 58 pages long it does not present any new previously un-reviewed scientific research.  CSPI itself notes that the cancer link is tenuous at best. 

The fact is that colors are an important component of confections providing distinguishing characteristics, flavor recognition and appeal.  All certified colors used in food production in the U.S. meet stringent FDA requirements and are safe for human consumption.  For more information, read this FDA brochure on “food ingredients and color” safety.

CSPI’s goal appears to be to create alarm among consumers thus bringing public pressure to bear, in an attempt to force the Food and Drug Administration to review their position that food colors (and indeed other ingredients in food) are safe. 

All food additives, like colors, are carefully regulated by FDA and various international organizations to ensure that foods are safe to eat and are accurately labeled. In fact today, food and color additives are more strictly studied, regulated and monitored than at any other time in history.

It’s always smart to understand what ingredients are used in the food products you eat and to be informed about your health, and it’s good to know that the some of the top scientists in the world at FDA are helping us learn what is safe and good to eat.

Colour Wheel by Tiny_Packages


Candy Science Tuesday: Chocolate and Heart Health

Candy Science Tuesday, Chocolate, Health and Nutrition, Holidays, Science
Woven heart and passion fruit chocolatesNot a day goes by that I don’t hear about some new study NewLinking chocolate consumption to heart health.  No seriously, I get these daily pubmed updates e-mailed to me. They’re great. You should try them.  Oh, what’s that?  Normal people don’t read the latest scientific abstracts for fun? Oh well, you don’t need to be a nerd like me to know what’s going on with chocolate and health, as it is science anyone can bite into. ;)

Many studies in both humans and rodents have observed lower deaths due to heart disease in chocolate consumers compared to non-consumers of chocolate.  This is an exciting and interesting phenomenon for us chocolate lovers, but certainly inspires wonder as to why this association exists.  Tons of scientists are asking the same question, hence the growing body of research filling my inbox.

Results from most studies looking at blood pressure and chocolate consumption show that flavanols (the antioxidants in chocolate) reduce blood pressure and risk for hypertension.  Studies have also found that these antioxidants fight inflammation in the heart muscles, leading to overall better heart health.  Meanwhile, stearic acid, one of the fats in chocolate, is thought to have a positive benefit on blood cholesterol levels.  These examples reflect some of the most common conclusions. However, scientists are coming up with new ideas about how chocolate might be beneficial to the heart all the time.

So when your sweetie gives you a box of chocolate from their heart on Valentine’s Day, remember it just might help out yours.

Editor's note: Yes, we know it's not Tuesday. In the midst of the blizzard coming through the DC area, some things slipped by us. I will continue to blame the oompa loompas until someone can legitimately point a finger my way.

Woven heart and passion fruit chocolates by jamescronin.

First Lady to Unveil Nationwide Campaign to Combat Childhood Obesity at Noon - Watch Live Here

Health and Nutrition, News

Michelle Obama is set to discuss her initiative to combat childhood obesity. Susan wrote about this last week. We are committed to seeing our nation's future as healthy and sustainable with healthy, happy children who learn to make sensible choices that carry on into adulthood. To quote Susan:


NCA takes seriously the First Lady’s interest in healthy children. We hope the emphasis will be on positive incentives to create healthy lifestyles including encouraging physical activity, wonderful inspiring incentives to encourage increased consumption of tasty fruits and vegetables and initiatives to discourage overconsumption of foods and beverages.


We also hope that the First Lady and other food policy leaders will continue to acknowledge that there is a place for small pleasures, like candy, in the lives of children and adults. As most diet programs acknowledge it’s the little pleasures that help us achieve lasting change and good health.



Update: See this article on ABC's Good Morning America.


Watch the speech, to be broadcast at noon today:

Update: Broadcast removed after it was over.


The First Lady's Agenda: Slimmer Kids

Education, Health and Nutrition, News
Michelle ObamaIn the last few U.S. administrations the First Ladies all have had serious agendas.  As a former librarian Laura Bush was known for her efforts to encourage children's literacy.  First Lady Hilary Clinton 's tag line was "It takes a village" as she encouraged public private partnerships as part of a "global village" concept of assistance to underdeveloped regions of the world.  She has continued that interest as U.S. Secretary of State.

Many of us in the Washington area have been wondering when First Lady Michelle Obama was going to declare her agenda.  A  hospital administrator before becoming our current First Lady, she's also a devoted mom to two young children. Her background in health administration and her personal role as a mom has helped define her agenda which has been rolled out over the last few weeks.  Mrs. Obama is joining forces with two respected health care leaders, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius and U.S. Surgeon General Regina Benjamin to "help Americans lead healthier lives through better nutrition, regular physical activity and by encouraging communities to support healthy choices."   The First Lady says she will launch a major initiative on childhood obesity in the next few weeks stating "today's epidemic of childhood obesity is unacceptable."   She notes that the prevalence of obesity has tripled among children and adolescents from 1980 to 2004.

Along with the U.S.  Surgeon General the First Lady would like to see changes in community, home, child care settings and schools to allow individuals to make healthy choices.  According to a news release , likely  practical applications of this initiative include "the limitation of advertisements of less healthy foods and  beverages" ; reducing  consumption of products with added sugars and appealing healthy food and beverage options in child care and school settings.  The First Lady carefully refers to childhood obesity as an "epidemic" threatening America's "quality and years of healthy life."

NCA takes seriously the First Lady's interest in healthy children. We hope the emphasis will be on positive incentives to create healthy lifestyles including encouraging physical activity, wonderful  inspiring incentives  to encourage increased consumption of  tasty fruits and vegetables and initiatives to discourage overconsumption of foods and beverages.

We also hope that the First Lady and other food policy leaders will continue to acknowledge  that there is a place for small pleasures, like candy, in the lives of children and adults. As most  diet programs  acknowledge it's the little pleasures that help us achieve lasting change and good health.

If you're reading this blog I'm going to assume you are a candy lover.  I'm also going to assume you have an interest in food.  What's your food agenda?  What do you do to keep yourself fit and healthy?

Michelle Obama by Story Accents.

The Skinny on Movie Theater Candy

Health and Nutrition
CinemaHave you noticed the sizes of treats at the movies? Let's all keep in mind that package size should not dictate an appropriate level of consumption. Theater candies are best shared with your movie going compatriots. CSPI recently wrote about food and beverages available at the movies. Here's what we have to say: Eat candy as an enjoyable part of life, in moderation. Read the nutrition facts on all food packages and make informed decisions about what and how much to consume to maintain a healthy diet.

NCA's official response:
Just like a night at the movies, candy and chocolate are fun treats that add a little pleasure to our lives. Consumers enjoy candy when they celebrate, relax and have fun with family and friends.

Less than two percent of consumers’ caloric intake comes from candy, proving that individuals realize candy is an occasional treat. When it comes to candy, consumers always know what they are getting, as candy products are clearly labeled. There are a variety of candy and chocolate options to fit every taste and lifestyle including small, “snack size” or “bite size” confections as well as low-fat, non-fat and sugar free candy products. Larger theater style packages, clearly labeled as to their portion sizes, are meant to be shared with a group of friends or family while viewing a movie or event or participating in the many shared experiences of our lives together.


Cinema by Emmanuel Tabard.

A Campaign to Keep Chocolate Milk Available to Kids

Chocolate, Drinks, Health and Nutrition, News
Chocolate MilkAmerica's dairy farmers and milk processors have teamed up to produce a new campaign aimed at keeping chocolate milk available to kids in schools. The Raise Your Hand for Chocolate Milk campaign comes on the heels of evolving legislation designed to limit or eliminate soda and other sugary drinks in schools. The campaign maintains that children love chocolate milk, no surprise here, for its flavor. They say that removing chocolate milk from the lunch menu will drive kids to other sweet drinks, and not regular white milk.

Kids can get a good amount of the goodness of milk in flavored milk options, and that is what the point is. They love it for the flavor and parents love the nutritional value of chocolate milk. Even for older kids, chocolate milk has been shown to have benefits. Researchers at George Mason University and Indiana University have found that drinking chocolate milk after exercising helps muscles heal and rebuild just as effectively as the popular sports drinks do.

"[Reduced-fat chocolate milk] contains 170 total calories, with 29 grams of carbohydrates and 8 grams of protein, a 3.6-1 ratio. Optimal recovery ratio for carbs to protein is between 3-1 and 4-1," Cheryl Zonkowski, director of sports nutrition at the University of Florida, said. Other valuable nutrients found in milk include vitamins A, D, B-6 and B-12, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and zinc.

Here are the top five arguments from the Raise Your Hand for Chocolate Milk campaign:

  • Milk provides nutrients essential for good health and kids will drink more when it's flavored.

  • Flavored milk contains the same nine essential nutrients as white milk and is a healthful alternative to soft drinks.

  • Drinking lowfat or fat free white or flavored milk helps kids get the 3 daily servings of milk recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and provides three of the five "nutrients of concern" that children do not get enough of - calcium, potassium and magnesium as well as vitamin D.

  • Children who drink flavored milk meet more of their nutrient needs; do not consume more added sugar, fat or calories; and are not heavier than non-milk drinkers.

  • Lowfat chocolate milk is the most popular milk choice in schools and kids drink less milk (and get fewer nutrients) if it's taken away.



Chocolate Milk by hleo.

Eating leftover Halloween candy will NOT rot your teeth

Health and Nutrition
Plush Teeth"Eating candy or other sugary, starchy foods and leaving that food on your teeth is what will rot your teeth," Bob Glissmann, a staff writer for the Omaha World-Herald, writes. This is an important clarification to an issue misunderstood by most people. It's not so much what you eat that determines whether you get cavities; it's how you take care of your teeth.

When you eat anything starchy or sugary, your saliva starts to break the substance down immediately, creating acids that can deteriorate the enamel on your teeth, and if left alone can cause cavities. The best way to reduce the likelihood of cavities is to:

  • Rinse your mouth with water after eating to remove as much acid and residual food as possible.

  • Brush and floss after each meal, as well as in the morning and evening.

  • If you have children, supervise their tooth brushing. Many kids lack the dexterity to brush well on their own, so it pays to sit with them through this exercise.


So the bottom line on candy is to enjoy it in moderation, and then brush your teeth. The same guidelines go for sugary drinks. Enjoy, then take care of your teeth.

If you still want to get rid of that leftover Halloween candy, follow Susan's advice of getting in touch with Soldiers’ Angels or else call your dentist. Many dentists are participating in candy buy-back programs. It could get your child a few dollars for his pocket and often the candy is given to a good cause, such as homeless shelters or troops overseas.

Plush Teeth by abductos.

Candy Science Tuesday: Stearic Acid, a Cholesterol-Neutral Fatty Acid

Candy Science Tuesday, Chocolate, Health and Nutrition, Science
ChocolateEver wonder what makes chocolate taste so good? The answer, apart from chocolate’s extraordinarily diverse array of flavor compounds, is the same answer to what makes just about anything taste good: the fat. Though fat alone is usually devoid of flavor, it acts to enhance just about anything with which it is paired.

The fat in chocolate is cocoa butter. Cocoa beans are composed of 53% cocoa butter, which is separated from ground cocoa beans (known as chocolate liquor due to its liquidy consistency) by pressing through a metal sieve under high pressure. The by-product of this process is especially celebrated in the coming winter months—cocoa! After pressing, cocoa butter is then reunited more chocolate liquor and sugar to make the fabulous substance we know as chocolate.

In addition to bolstering chocolate flavor, cocoa butter is also responsible for chocolate’s unique melting profile and delightful mouth feel. Chocolate melts at precisely 96.8 degrees Fahrenheit because of cocoa butter’s elegant composition. Most fats, such as dairy fat for example, are made up of dozens of different types of fatty acids, each with a specific melting point. Think of butter melting on the stove…the clear yellow part is the first to liquefy, followed by the turbid white part. Cocoa butter is composed simply of three fatty acids: oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, all with similar melting points and for this reason chocolate exhibits a very narrow melting range.

Stearic acid, one of cocoa butter’s fatty acid trio, is most definitely saturated in terms of its hydrocarbon structure but has been shown to have a neutral (and in some studies, positive) effect on blood cholesterol levels. This was a hot topic of discussion at the USDA’s 2010 Dietary Guidelines Committee meeting last week, a meeting held every five years to revise USDA’s nutritional recommendations. The experts reviewed data on stearic acid, concluding it to be cholesterol neutral and debating the merits of a more health-oriented nutritional labeling plan.

Some of you might be thinking, "Yeah yeah, we all love fat too but isn’t it one of those no-no foods, not to be celebrated and praised, but rather avoided and renounced?" Fat is pretty much the most calorie-dense substance nature could come up with, a characteristic less appreciated in today’s food-secure environment than previous times of human existence, and as such needs to be consumed in moderation.

Furthermore, overconsumption of some fats raises harmful cholesterol levels in the blood, eventually leading to negative effects on cardiovascular health. The distinction between cholesterol-raising and cholesterol-lowering or neutral fats is usually communicated by the degree of saturation, a characteristic of a fat’s chemical structure rather than healthful attributes. Saturated fat is warned to be cholesterol-raising and unsaturated fat is lauded as cholesterol-lowering or neutral. As with many scientific communications, this is an oversimplification of the truth to the extent that it might be misleading.

However, rest assured that stearic acid, part of the goodness of chocolate, breaks the mold for this rule of "saturated fat equals bad for you." Don't think that a chocolate bar is going to cure you of anything more than a snacktime hunger, but don't be afraid of it either.

Chocolate by rachel is coconut&lime.

You have LEFTOVER Halloween Candy?

Health and Nutrition, Holidays
Last week a reporter and blogger from the NY Times called to asked us about the practice of bringing leftover Halloween candy to work.

I know, I got stuck on the same part.  People have LEFTOVER candy.  What?

Her questions were along these lines: Do people like it when co-workers bring leftover candy to the office?  Is there something better you can do with it?  How long does candy last?

Once I got over the shock, I realized that there is still candy in our Halloween bowl at home and that some people might consider that "leftover".  And sure, I can even see the appeal of bringing it to work (well, maybe not here, where we have a room like this one, but in another office).  Is that really the best option, though?

I think it's okay to bring some of your candy to work ... but keep in mind that your co-workers all have their own bowls of undispersed candy to contend with and that it's just as likely to sit unopened at work as it is at home.  Plus, you may find you have even more occasion to overindulge at work than you do at home.  The key to healthy consumption of candy, Halloween or otherwise, is to remember that candy is a treat that can be included in moderation as part of a healthy, active lifestyle.  Halloween candy, in particular, is an excellent way to include some sweetness in your diet since it comes in small-sized packaging.

If you have lots of extra candy, you may want to look into an organization like Soldiers' Angels who make care packages for servicemen overseas (note that they have three addresses to send goodies and ask that you pick the location closest to you).  Alternately, there may be groups in your area that work with at risk youth - maybe even kids who didn't have a chance to celebrate Halloween - who would appreciate a donation.

Finally, don't assume that your candy has to find a new home in two weeks time.  Stored properly, candy last for months.  Here are some storage tips:
Shelf Life and Storage Suggestions

  • Chocolate. Dark chocolate can be kept for a year or more if wrapped in foil and stored in a cool, dark and dry place. A pantry or basement is an ideal location. Milk and white chocolate have a more limited storage time—no more than 8 to 10 months.

  • Hard Candy. Hard candies (lollipops, lifesavers, butterscotch) can last up to a year when stored at room temperature or in a cool, dry location.

  • Jellied Candies. If the packaging has been opened, soft candies should be kept in a covered candy dish, away from heat and light at room temperature (about 70 degrees). Stored in this manner, the candy should last six to nine months. If the packaging has not been opened, soft sweets will last approximately 12 months.

  • Candy Corn. If the packaging has been opened, candy corn should be stored under the same conditions as soft candies and will last approximately three to six months. Unopened, fresh packages will last about 9 months.

  • Gum. As long as the packaging remains sealed, most gum products have a shelf life of six to nine months. To maximize product freshness, keep chewing gum packages in a cool, dry place and out of any direct sunlight.

  • Caramel. Should be kept covered, away from heat and light at room temperature. Stored properly should last six to nine months, even up to 12 months in some cases.


General Guidelines

  • Protection in the Pantry. While different types of candy have different storage requirements, generally the pantry is a safe place to stash sweets. Airtight storage in a cool place will ensure a longer shelf life. A number of candies may be frozen as well.

  • Wrap it up. Treats such as taffies, caramels and nougats should be protected from dampness during storage. Before storing away, make sure these sweets are wrapped individually with clear cellophane.

  • Avoid Moisture Mixes. Do not mix candies that absorb moisture such as caramels, mints and hard candies with candies that lose moisture such as fudge and creamy candies. Storing these sweets in the same container will cause the harder candies to become sticky. To make sure that hard candies stay hard, sprinkle with finely ground sugar and store in an air-tight jar.

  • Cryonic Candies. Freezing is a popular method for keeping candy over long periods of time. However, not all sweets are suited for the freezer. While toffee and truffles can be frozen for up to two months, avoid freezing candy with fruits and nuts.



Halloween Candy by aus chick

Candy Science Tuesday: Chocolate, Health, Flavanols and Antioxidants

Candy Science Tuesday, Chocolate, Cocoa, Health and Nutrition, Science
Chocolate Chip CookiesThere is nothing cozier in the winter months than the aroma of baking treats while your oven kicks out enough heat to remind you of the warmth of summer. My personal favorite smell is my mother’s chocolate chip cookies. Cocoa and chocolate are essential ingredients in any baker’s kitchen. Chocolate baked good are loved for their rich delicious flavor, but these ingredients may provide benefits beyond pure enjoyment.

Cocoa and chocolate consumption have been associated with decreased risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, reduced blood pressure, improved immune function and better cognition and memory. The class of antioxidant chemicals that is most likely responsible for these favorable health effects are flavanols. Flavanols have extremely potent antioxidant activity and are present in the non-fat solid portion of the cocoa bean. Initial concentrations vary based on the species of bean. Normal processing into cocoa powder and chocolate typically causes degradation of a portion of these disease-fighting little molecules. Nonetheless, the final products usually still contain a healthy amount of antioxidant activity.

Recently, a study by several Hershey scientists investigated the effects of baking on cocoa’s antioxidant activity. These chocolate researchers baked a bunch of different cookies and cakes and made frosting and hot cocoa. They then measured the final amount of health-promoting activity in each baked good product and ranked them from best retention of antioxidant activity to least. Chocolate frosting won the contest, closely followed by hot cocoa. Cakes and cookies, however, displayed interesting results. Some recipes lost essentially all of their favanol activity while others retained almost all of it.

So what about these various recipes influenced the differing final antioxidant activities? The variability was attributed to the pH, which was most severely impacted by the type of leavening agent (i.e. baking powder vs. baking soda) used. Flavanols can’t survive well in high pH environments. Recipes using baking soda result in a much higher pH and greater loss of favanols, while baking powder, being more acidic, helps retain flavanol concentration. So as you select tasty-looking recipes to bake during the holidays, keep in mind those best suited to retain antioxidant activity.

Chocolate Chip Cookies by elana's pantry.

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